حقوق زنان در سیره و آموزه های نبوی
مقدمه :
انسان از گذشته های دور تا به امروز در پی شناسایی حقوق خویش و در جهت تأمین و تضمین آن، همواره قربانی داده است انسان همان موجودی است که آفرینش وی در زیباترین شکل ممکن صورت پذیرفته و خداوند خود را نسبت به چنین آفرینش تحسین نموده و بر همین اساس جایگاه شایسته و اعمال امروز او مورد تأکید قرار گرفته است. و در قرآن آمده است که تنها انسان است که تاج کرامت بر سر او نهاده شده است و برای چنین انسانی برخورداری از حقوق ویژه امری طبیعی است و رابطة مستقیمی بین استعدادها و توانایی ها او با دامنة حقوقی وی دارد از نظر قرآن جنسیت مهم نیست آنچه که ملاک برتری است جنسیت نمی باشد بلکه در نزد خداوند تقوا است زن و مرد اگر چه از نظر جنسیت متفاوتند ولی از نظر انسانیت برابر هستند. علت تفاوت حقوق بین زن و مرد نظیر قضاوت، ارث، شهادت، تعده، زوجات، طلاق، ولایت و اموری از این قبیل را باید در تفاوت های وجودی میان زن و مرد جست و جو کرد. از نظر اسلام تفاوت های فراوانی میان زن و مرد از لحاظ جسمی، روانی، احساسی سبب گردیده است اسلام بر پایه فطرت انسانی، حقوق خویش را وضع نموده است با عنایت به این تفاوت های فراوانی میان زن و مرد از لحاظ جسمی، روانی، احساسی سبب گردیده است اسلام بر پایه فطرت انسانی، حقوق خویش را وضع نموده است با عنایت به این تفاوت های حقوقی برای زن و حقوقی برای مرد قائل شده است که سر جمع برابری و تساوی میان آنها و نفی تبعیض جنسی است.
در این مقاله سعی شده است در مورد حقوق زنان در اسلام و آموزه های نبوی و همچنین در جوامع گذشته وضع و احوال آنان مورد بررسی قرار گیرد نگاه بدبینانه و شیء گونه نسبت به زن در متون منثور و منظوم ما دیده می شود به طور نمونه:
زن از پهلوی چپ شد آفریده کسی از چپ، راستی هرگز ندیده
نظامی
فهرست مطالب:
عنوان ·········································································································· صفحه
مقدمه ··········································································································
حقوق و حیات اجتماعی زن در دنیای قدیم··················································
وضعیت و حقوق زنان در جامعه ی عرب···················································
تفاوت حقوق زن و مرد در اسلام (به طور مختصر)···································
1- جهاد ·····························································································
2- شهادت ··························································································
3- زینت ·····························································································
4- ستر (پوشش) حجاب ····································································
5- دیه ································································································
6- نکاح با غیر مسلمان ·····································································
7- نفقه ·······························································································
8- طلاق ·····························································································
حقوق زن در اسلام (حقوق عمومی)····························································
1- همسانی زن و مرد از حیث ارزش وجودی ···········································
2- برابری دختر و پسر ···············································································
3- اهلیت ·····································································································
4- مالکیت ····································································································
5- ارث ········································································································
6- تحصیل ···································································································
7- اشتغال ····································································································
8- قضاوت ··································································································
9- شهادت····································································································
10- آزادی عقیده و بیان··············································································
11- مشارکت سیاسی ·················································································
حقوق اختصاصی زن در اسلام (به طور مختصر)······································
1- آزادی زن در انتخاب همسر···································································
2- مهریه ·····································································································
3- نفقه ·········································································································
4- حضانت و رضاع ····················································································
5- حقوق معاشرت با زن ············································································
6- طلاق ·······································································································
حقوق زن در نظام جمهوری اسلامی ·························································
نتیجه گیری ·································································································